Squid command (Proxy)

Use tail command to display log files in real time as follows:
#tail -f /var/log/squid/access.log

Search log files
Use grep command as follows:
#grep 'string-to-search' /var/log/squid/access.log

Reverse IP Domain Check

Site

All Guides

Red Hat Cluster Suite

Fedora Linux Essentials

Firefox Setup 3.5.1 Final

Download Firefox 3.5.1

How to Backup Zenoss?

#zenbackup --save-mysql-access --file=/tmp/zenbackup.tgz

How do you send Ctrl+Alt+Delete to windows in VMWare Player?

press Ctrl + Alt + Insert

How to Update MySQL to 5.1.36 on CentOS

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
#wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-enterprise.repo
#yum --enablerepo=remi update mysql
#rpm -q mysql

How to install EHCP?

EHCP (Easy Hosting Control Panel) is Opensource Hosting Control Panel

#wget www.ehcp.net/download
#tar -zxvf ehcp_latest.tgz
#cd ehcp
#./install.sh

How to restore MySQL?

#mysql -u root -p database < db.sql

ESXI compatability with IBM server

Click Here

How to Check CentOS release?

Use Command:
#cat /etc/redhat-release

How to Kill Zombie Process?

Use Command Check Process:
#top
or
#ps aux
or
#ps -el
or
#ps aux | awk '{ print $8 " " $2 }' | grep -w Z
or
#ps -elf | grep Z
or
#ps -ef | grep firefox

Output:
Z 6502
Z 8320
Z 6985

Use Command kill zombie Process:
# kill -9 6985

Download Debian

Click Download Debian Here

How do I check free disk space in Linux and UNIX?

Type df -h or df -k to list free disk space:

#df -k

#df -h

#du -h

Download Ubuntu

- Desktop Edition

- Netbook Remix

- Server Edition

Click Download Ubuntu Here

How do you switch to root user ?

in the shell you type su
$ su
then it will ask u for the password
Password :

Ubuntu 9.04 Sources List

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://cl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu jaunty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu jaunty partner

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security multiverse

Linux Filesystem Hierarchy of CentOS 5

As a Linux beginner, it is always hard to understand what all these directory names means. Here is a list of the directory hierarchy of CentOS 5.

/ the root of everything
/bin common linux commands. such as ls, cp, gzip, etc
/boot boot codes of Linux - not to touch it unless you are going to re-compile kernel/boot/grub - the boot loader
/dev device files - everything is a file (these files are not device drivers)
/dev/ttyS0 - first serial port (COM1)
/dev/lp0 - first parallel port (LPT1)
/dev/hda - first hard disk (IDE0)
/etc most configuration files
/etc/X11 - configuration files for X Windows
/home home directories for users
/lib shared library files (C libraries)
/lost+found stray files that is found after system crashes
/media mount point for removable media
/misc
/mnt mount point for temporary filesystems
/net
/opt larger application softwares - such as OpenOffice
/proc virtual files for various process such as CPU, RAM, etc
/root home directory for the root user
/sbin commands for system users and many system configuration utilities
/selinux SElinux files
/srv data for services
/sys
/tmp temporary files
/usr a secondary hierarchy/usr/bin - some advanced commands and user installed commands
/usr/src - kernel source
/usr/local - used to install packaqes from source
/usr/sbin - system commands
/usr/doc - documentations
/usr/man - man pages
/var often changing files - system logs, print spoolers, mail spoolers, etc

start / stop / restart services in Ubuntu

$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh stop
$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
# service networking restart

How to enable ssh in Ubuntu?

$ sudo apt-get install ssh

How to set password for the root in Ubuntu?

user@desktop:~$ sudo passwd root
[sudo] password for user:
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
user@desktop:~$

How to enable SSH for ESXi

1.Go to the ESXi console and press alt+F1
2.Type: unsupported
3.Enter the root password(No prompt, typing is blindly)
4.At the prompt type “vi /etc/inetd.conf”
5.Look for the line that starts with “#ssh” (you can search with pressing “/”)
6.Remove the “#” (press the “x” if the cursor is on the character)
7.Save “/etc/inetd.conf” by typing “:wq!”
8.Restart the management service “/sbin/services.sh restart”

Nmap

Nmap is a tool for scaning and monitoring host. Nmap is stand for Network Mapper. Main utilities of Nmap is to audit for each host. This tool is developed from time to time. The usefulness of Nmap that favorite is OS Fingerprinting ( To verify what os of the destination host are running ) Nmap can mapping network to determine what hosts are available. This tool is popular in hackker world including administrator because it's very profitably and creditably for securities scanning

Example of nmap command

It's useful for sweep ping of your network
#nmap -sP 192.168.1.*

Ping over tcp connection
#nmap -PT[port_number] host
ex
#nmap -PT6000 192.168.1.1

TCP-Connect
#nmap -sT 192.168.1.1

TCP SYN
#nmap -sS 192.168.1.1

Source Port
#nmap -sS 192.168.1.1

FIN Scan
#nmap -sF 192.168.1.1

Reverse Ident Scans
#nmap -I -sS -p 80 192.168.1.1

XMAS Scan
#nmap -sX 192.168.1.1

How to NULL SCAN
#nmap -sN 192.168.1.1

How to RPC Scan
#nmap -sR 192.168.1.1

IP Protocol Scan
#nmap -sO 192.168.1.1

How to ACK Scan
#nmap -sA target_address

How to UDP Port Scan
#nmap -sU 192.168.1.1

Check OS (Operating System)
#nmap -o 192.168.1.1

How to do a Windows XP Repair Install

1. Place your Windows XP set up disk in your CD drive.
2. Turn off your computer and change your BOOT order to boot from CDs first.
3. Turn your computer back on.
4. Press any key on your keyboard when it asks you to.
5. Press enter when you see a blue screen, one of the options should say, "To setup Windows XP now, press ENTER.".
6. Press enter to start the windows set up.
7. Accept the Licence and Agreement and confirm that the setup is searching for current versions on XP.
8. Press "R" when the set up has found your current version of XP.
9. Notice that the Set up is deleting all your windows xp files and replacing them. (This will not cause loss of data)

Windows Command (Run)

access.cpl : Program Accessibility Options
hdwwiz.cpl : Program Add Hardware
appwiz.cpl : Add/Remove Programs
admintools : Administrative Tools control
wuaucpl.cpl : Setting Automatic Updates
fsquirt : Program Bluetooth Transfer Wizard
calc : Calculator
certmgr.msc : Program Certificate Manager
charmap : Program Character Map
chkdsk : Check Disk Utility
clipbrd : Clipboard Viewer
cmd : Command Prompt
dcomcnfg : Component Services
compmgmt.msc : Computer Management
timedate.cpl : date and time
devmgmt.msc : Device Manager
dxdiag : Direct X (Direct X Troubleshooter)
cleanmgr : Disk Cleanup Utility
dfrg.msc : Disk Defragment
diskmgmt.msc : Disk Management
diskpart : Disk Partition Manager
desk.cpl : Display Properties control desktop
control color : Display Properties
drwtsn32 : Dr. Watson
verifier : Driver Verifier Utility
eventvwr.msc : Event Viewer
sigverif : File Signature Verification Tool
folders : Folders Options control
control fonts : Fonts Folder
fonts : Fonts Folder
freecell : Game Free Cell
joy.cpl : Game Controllers
gpedit.msc : Group Policy
iexpress : Iexpress Wizard
ciadv.msc : Indexing Service
inetcpl.cpl : Internet Properties
control keyboard : Keyboard Properties
secpol.msc : Local Security Settings
lusrmgr.msc : Local Users and Groups
logoff : Log-off
main.cpl : Mouse Properties control mouse
ncpa.cpl : Network Connections control netconnections
netsetup.cpl : Network Setup Wizard
notepad : Notepad
osk : On Screen Keyboard
perfmon.msc : Performance Monitor
powercfg.cpl : Power Options Properties
eudcedit : Private Character Editor
intl.cpl : Regional Settings
regedit : Registry Editor
mstsc : Remote Desktop
ntmsmgr.msc : Removable Storage
ntmsoprq.msc : Removable Storage Operator Requests
rsop.msc : Policy
sticpl.cpl : Scanners and Cameras
schedtasks : Scheduled Tasks control
wscui.cpl : เรียกหน้าต่าง Security Center
services.msc : Services
fsmgmt.msc : Shared Folders
shutdown : Shuts Down
mmsys.cpl : Sounds and Audio
spider : Spider Solitare
sysedit : System Configuration Editor
msconfig : System Configuration Utility
sfc /scannow : System File Checker Utility
sfc /scanonce : System File Checker Utility
sysdm.cpl : System Properties
taskmgr : Task Manager
nusrmgr.cpl : User Account Management
utilman : Utility Manager
firewall.cpl : Windows Firewall
magnify : Windows Magnifier
wmimgmt.msc : Windows Management Infrastructure
syskey : Windows System Security Tool
wupdmgr : (Windows Update)
write : Wordpad

Reset Password Windows

1. Dowload from here
2. Unzip
3. Burn to CD
4. Boot from CD
5. Press enter
6. Select drive windows system, There are a lot of words like this (Candidate Windows partitions ...). Look at word 'BOOT' and select it.
7. [Windows/system32/config] press enter
8. Select 1 is Password reset press enter
9. Then select 1 Edit user data and passwords press enter
10. Now it's show you all user, you have to type 'Adminstrator'
11. Select 1 remove password
12. Finish, select ! for exit
13. Type y and press enter
14. You can try again if it somehow failed, or you selected ........ type n and press enter
15. Reboot and remove CD

Gnome (X-Window)

Installation

1. install package
#yum -y groupinstall gnome

2. create file xorg.conf
#cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
or
#vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf
and copy below and paste it in 'xorg.conf'

# Xorg configuration created by system-config-display

Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "single head configuration"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
# RgbPath is the location of the RGB database. Note, this is the name of the
# file minus the extension (like ".txt" or ".db"). There is normally
# no need to change the default.

# Multiple FontPath entries are allowed (they are concatenated together)
# By default, Red Hat 6.0 and later now use a font server independent of
# the X server to render fonts.

RgbPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"
FontPath "unix/:7100"
EndSection

Section "Module"
Load "dbe"
Load "extmod"
Load "fbdevhw"
Load "glx"
Load "record"
Load "freetype"
Load "type1"
Load "dri"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
# Specify which keyboard LEDs can be user-controlled (eg, with xset(1))
# Option "Xleds" "1 2 3"

# To disable the XKEYBOARD extension, uncomment XkbDisable.
# Option "XkbDisable"

# To customise the XKB settings to suit your keyboard, modify the
# lines below (which are the defaults). For example, for a non-U.S.
# keyboard, you will probably want to use:
# Option "XkbModel" "pc102"
# If you have a US Microsoft Natural keyboard, you can use:
# Option "XkbModel" "microsoft"
#
# Then to change the language, change the Layout setting.
# For example, a german layout can be obtained with:
# Option "XkbLayout" "de"
# or:
# Option "XkbLayout" "de"
# Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys"
#
# If you'd like to switch the positions of your capslock and
# control keys, use:
# Option "XkbOptions" "ctrl:swapcaps"
# Or if you just want both to be control, use:
# Option "XkbOptions" "ctrl:nocaps"
#
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
Option "XkbLayout" "us"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "yes"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Samsung Samtron 56E/57E/56V"
DisplaySize 280 210
HorizSync 30.0 - 55.0
VertRefresh 50.0 - 120.0
Option "dpms"
EndSection

Section "Device"
Identifier "Videocard0"
Driver "vesa"
VendorName "Videocard vendor"
BoardName "VESA driver (generic)"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Videocard0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 16
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 16
Modes "800x600" "640x480"
EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "DRI"
Group 0
Mode 0666
EndSection


3. reboot system
#reboot

4. use command startx
#startx

VOIP (Voice Over IP)

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is voice communication over internet network or other that over internet protocol. Voice signal will be separated and packaged. It will be sent over network that ordinary use to communicate substitute of traditional telephony communication.

Codec
G.711 (64 kbps)
G.726 (32 kbps)
G.729 (8 kbps)
G.723 (5.3 & 6.3 kbps)
GSMFR (13.2 kbps)

Port
TCP 1720
UDP 5060 – 5070
UDP 10000 – 20000
UDP 4569

VNC Server

Installation

1. check package
#rpm -q vnc-server

2. install package vnc-server
#yum -y install vnc-server

3. check box service vnc-server
#ntsysv

4. restart service http
#service httpd reload

5. open port vnc
#vncserver :9

6. reboot system
#reboot

7. Client PC go to program vnc type ip and port
ex
192.168.1.6:9

8. If cannot connect vnc, you need to config following below
- (if login root) vi /root/.vnc/xstartup
- (if login user) vi /home/username/.vnc/xstartup
remove # exec /etc/x11/xinit/xinitrc save and reboot Server

9. Every time of reboot, you have to open port following no. 5

10. After finish of remote, using 'vncserver -kill :9' to closing port for security concern.

MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher)

Installation

MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher) The Multi Router Traffic Grapher is a tool primarily used to monitor the traffic load on network links (typically by using SNMP). MRTG generates HTML pages containing PNG images which provide a LIVE visual representation of this traffic. MRTG typically produces daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly graphs. In addition to monitoring via SNMP, MRTG can also generate graphs based on the output of any application, allowing one to generate graphs of anything that needs monitoring (for example, CPU and memory usage, email volumes, web hits, etc).

1. Install package MRTG
#yum install mrtg

2. path folder mrtg
#/var/www/mrtg

3. add Allow from all
#vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/mrtg.conf

Alias /mrtg /var/www/mrtg

Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1
#Allow from ::1
#Allow from .example.com


4. restart service http
#service httpd reload

5. sniff SNMP
#export LANG=en_US
#mkdir /var/www/mrtg/myhost
cfgmaker -global "options[_]:bits,growright" --global "workdir: /var/www/mrtg/myhost" public@myhost.domain > /etc/mrtg/mrtg-myhost.cfg

6. Run MRTG
#mrtg /etc/mrtg/mrtg-myhost.cfg

7. Create file index.html
#indexmaker --column=1 --output=/var/www/mrtg/myhost/index.html /etc/mrtg/mrtg-myhost.cfg

8. create command to run MRTG every 5 miniute
#vi /etc/cron.d/mrtg-myhost

0-59/5 * * * * root /usr/bin/mrtg/etc/mrtg/mrtg-myhost.cfg


9. restart crond
#service crond reload

10. show MRTG http://mywebserver/mrtg/myhost

ZABBIX (Monitoring, Network, CPU, Memory, Process)

Installation on Fedora Core 6

ZABBIX is software for monitoring of your applications, network and servers. ZABBIX supports both polling and trapping techniques to collect data from monitored hosts. A flexible notification mechanism allows easy and quickly configure different types of notifications for pre-defined events

1. update and intstall package
#yum clean all
#yum -y update yum
#yum -y update httpd
Iksemel library and header files
Required to enable Jabber messaging. Optional.
#yum -y install iksemel
#yum -y install jabberd
#yum -y install php php-mysql mysql-server gcc-gfortran gcc-c++ gcc net-snmp-devel mysql-devel php-bcmath php-gd gd zabbix-agent
#service httpd start
#service mysqld start
#service jabberd start

2. download package Zabbix
#cd /usr/src/
#wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/zabbix/zabbix-1.4.2.tar.gz

3. extractl zabbix
#tar xvfz zabbix*.gz
#cd zabbix-1.4.2

4. config mysql
#mysql -u root
mysql>SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD('new_password');
mysql>quit
#mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql>create database zabbix;
mysql>quit


5. install Database
#cd create/schema
#cat mysql.sql mysql -u root -p zabbix
#cd ../data
#cat data.sql mysql -u root -p zabbix
#cat images_mysql.sql mysql -u root -p zabbix
#cd ..
#cd ..

6. install Zabbix
#./configure --enable-server --with-mysql --with-net-snmp –with-jabber –with-libcurl
#make install
#mkdir /etc/zabbix
#cp misc/conf/zabbix_server.conf /etc/zabbix/

7. config Zabbix
#vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

Server=1 --------------------------> add
StartSuckers=6 -----------------------> add
StartTrappers=5 ----------------------> disable #
ListenPort=10051 ---------------------> disable #
HousekeepingFrequency=1 -------------> disable #
UnavailablePeriod=20 ------------------> add
PidFile=/var/tmp/zabbix_server.pid
LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
FpingLocation=/usr/sbin/fping
AlertScriptsPath=/home/zabbix/bin/
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=root
DBPassword=1234567


8. Start server
#cd /usr/local/bin
#./zabbix_server or
#cat /tmp/zabbix_server.log

9. test port 10051
#telnet localhost 10051

10. config agentd
#vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

Server=127.0.0.1
Hostname=localhost
StartAgents=5
DebugLevel=3
PidFile=/var/tmp/zabbix_agentd.pid
LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_agentd.log
Timeout=3


11. config Database
#cd /var/www/html
#vi /usr/src/zabbix-1.4.2/frontends/php/include/db.inc.php

$DB_TYPE ="MYSQL";
$DB_SERVER ="localhost";
$DB_DATABASE ="zabbix";
$DB_USER ="root";
$DB_PASSWORD ="";

#cp -r /usr/src/zabbix-1.4.2/frontends/php/* ./
#ls

- Open browser type ip Zabbix server.
- Open status Zabbix Server to Activate, go to Menu Configuration --> Hosts press ZABBIX Server --> change ip from 127.0.0.1 to IP ZABBIX Server.
- Check status server go to Menu Configuration --> Hosts --> ZABBIX Server click ZABBIX Server, status show Available.
- Add server go to Menu Configuration --> Hosts and config
- Go to Server open service ZABBIX.
- We investigate on server log to make sure that its connect ( /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log).
- Go to create graphs for server.
- Create graph finish then go to Screen menu for matching graph with server.



Server will monitoring

for linux
- yum install zabbix-agent
- vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

Server= ip ZABBIX server
Hostname= ip host

- /etc/init.d/zabbix-agent restart
- #ntsysv check zabbix-agent
- vi /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log



for windows
download from http://www.suiviperf.com/zabbix/
- double click zabbix_agent-1.4.1_installer.exe
- Next
- I Agree
- Next
- Zabbix Server Name: Server Zabbix, Hostname: My PC
- Install
- Completed


Run Service go to
- start
- Control Panel
- Administrative Tools
- Services
- ZABBIX Agent start